A
less common class of permanent magnet stepping motor is wired with all windings
of the motor in a cyclic series, with one tap between each pair of windings
in the cycle. The most common designs in this category use 3-phase and 5-phase
wiring. The control requires 1/2 of an H-bridge for each motor terminal,
but these motors can provide more torque from a given package size because
all or all but one of the motor windings are energised at every point in
the drive cycle. Some 5-phase motors have high resolutions on the order
of 0.72 degrees per step (500 steps per revolution).
With a 5-phase motor, there are 10 steps per repeat in the stepping cycle,
as shown below:
Terminal 1 +++-----+++++-----++
Terminal 2 --+++++-----+++++---
Terminal 3 +-----+++++-----++++
Terminal 4 +++++-----+++++-----
Terminal 5 ----+++++-----+++++-
time --->
Here, as in the bipolar case, each terminal is
shown as being either connected to the positive or negative bus of the
motor power system. Note that, at each step, only one terminal changes
polarity. This change removes the power from one winding attached to that
terminal (because both terminals of the winding in question are of the
same polarity) and applies power to one winding that was previously idle.
Given the motor geometry suggested by Figure 1.5, this control sequence
will drive the motor through two revolutions.
To distinguish a 5-phase motor from other motors with 5 leads, note that,
if the resistance between two consecutive terminals of the 5-phase motor
is R, the resistance between non-consecutive terminals will be 1.5R.
Note that some 5-phase motors have 5 separate motor
windings, with a total of 10 leads. These can be connected in the star
configuration shown above, using 5 half-bridge driver circuits, or each
winding can be driven by its own full-bridge. While the theoretical component
count of half-bridge drivers is lower, the availability of integrated
full-bridge chips may make the latter approach preferable. |